<\/p>\n
Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t 20 t\u1ef7, g\u00e2y g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng l\u1edbn cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a si\u00eau th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n khi n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sau:<\/p>\n
Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n, c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n hay c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n?<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1eafng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 cellulose, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cellulose d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1eafng. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t: Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada Hawking \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng n\u00f3ng d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a x\u1ed1p d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (PS, PS) t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. C\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u01a1n c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
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Ph\u1ea7n A: \u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n: lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u; lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ng s\u00e1p, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y d\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e2m trong s\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 40 \u0111\u1ed9 C. S\u00e1p s\u1ebd tan ch\u1ea3y, v\u00e0 s\u00e1p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a hydrocarbon th\u01a1m \u0111a v\u00f2ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0; lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n nay th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y, b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f2n th\u00eam r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m tr\u1eafng hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1c tr\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0 c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo, ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. Khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i s\u1ebd h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi x\u1ed1p b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ee9a b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi khu\u1ea9n n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n
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Ph\u1ea7n B: Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb b\u1ed9t g\u1ed7, trong khi c\u1ed1c x\u1ed1p \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 hydrocarbon chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. G\u1ed7 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c, s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi r\u1eebng che ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
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Ph\u1ea7n C: Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
C\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y. Khi c\u1eaft l\u00e1, v\u1ecf v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n 33 g g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 4 g nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c 10,1 g. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1p, s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7u h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y kraft r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh 1,8 g h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf cho m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a x\u1ed1p, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/6 c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n polystyrene c\u1ea7n 33 kg \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n trung b\u00ecnh 0,05 g. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng polystyrene ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 3% c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed7i c\u1ed1c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1ed9t g\u1ed7 g\u1ea5p s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi polystyrene. Do \u0111\u00f3, so v\u1edbi c\u1ed1c x\u1ed1p, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y g\u1ea5p 12 l\u1ea7n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 g\u1ea5p 36 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i do b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y g\u1ea5p 580 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i do polystyrene t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a x\u1ed1p. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn g\u1ea5p 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i do s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t polystyrene t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n
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Ph\u1ea7n D: S\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb cellulose v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1c dung m\u00f4i, v\u00ec nh\u1ef1a k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u1edbp b\u00e1nh m\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc trong nh\u1ef1a. Phim ho\u1eb7c parafin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee3i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y cellulose \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea3i trong b\u00e3i r\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n.<\/p>\n
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Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n: ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o v\u00e0 do qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt sau khi ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n
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Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 CO2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1m \u0111a v\u00f2ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
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T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nh\u1ef1a. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, ng\u00f3i \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v.v.<\/p>\n
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Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 chai n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ef1a c\u0169ng \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf. Biome Bioplastics c\u0169ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a axit polylactic ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc (PLA). C\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin cho bi\u1ebft c\u1ed1c m\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc. B\u00ean trong c\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y g\u1ed7. N\u1eafp c\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, c\u1ed1c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sau ba th\u00e1ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00e3i ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p c\u1ed1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n "\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1eafng".<\/p>\n
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T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00e0 c\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n
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V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Xem x\u00e9t s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1c th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1c g\u1ed1m tr\u00e1ng men. Hai lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n, d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh, vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh. B\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Is disposable paper cup more environmentally friendly than disposable plastic cup? No! According to relevant reports, China's annual use of disposable water cups reached 20 billion, which caused a great burden on the environment and resource recycling. People use disposable products for convenience, but at present, with the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":289,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-info"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n